Overview of Software Testing

Software testing is a crucial process in software development to ensure that the software functions correctly and meets user requirements. Here are the main types of software testing:

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1. Functional Testing
Ensures that the software meets all functional requirements.

Unit Testing – Tests individual components or modules.
Integration Testing – Checks interactions between integrated modules.
System Testing – Tests the entire system as a whole.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) – Conducted by end-users to verify if the system meets business needs.
Regression Testing – Ensures new changes don’t break existing functionality.
Sanity Testing – Quick checks to verify basic functionality.
Smoke Testing – Preliminary testing to ensure the software is stable enough for further testing.

2. Non-Functional Testing
Evaluates performance, usability, security, and other aspects.
Performance Testing – Assesses speed, responsiveness, and stability.
Load Testing – Checks system behavior under expected load.
Stress Testing – Tests system limits under extreme conditions.
Scalability Testing – Measures the system’s ability to scale up/down.
Volume Testing – Assesses system performance with large data volumes.
Security Testing – Identifies vulnerabilities and ensures data protection.
Usability Testing – Evaluates user-friendliness and ease of navigation.
Compatibility Testing – Ensures software works across different environments, devices, and browsers.
Reliability Testing – Checks software stability over time.
Compliance Testing – Ensures adherence to industry regulations and standards.

3. White Box Testing
Tests internal code structures and logic.
Statement Coverage – Ensures each statement in the code executes at least once.
Branch Coverage – Tests all possible decision branches in the code.
Path Coverage – Tests all possible execution paths.

4. Black Box Testing
Focuses on software behavior without looking at the internal code.
Equivalence Partitioning – Divides inputs into valid and invalid groups for testing.
Boundary Value Analysis – Tests boundary limits of input values.
Decision Table Testing – Uses decision tables to test business logic.

5. Grey Box Testing
Combines both White Box and Black Box testing to evaluate software from both an internal and external perspective.

6. Manual Testing vs. Automated Testing
Manual Testing – Test cases are executed manually without automation.
Automated Testing – Uses testing tools/scripts to execute test cases automatically (e.g., Selenium, JUnit, TestNG).

Software testing is a popular course because of the high demand for quality assurance in software development. Here are some key reasons why it is widely pursued:

1.High Demand for Testers
Every software product needs thorough testing to ensure it works as expected.
Companies prioritize quality assurance to avoid costly bugs and failures.

2. Career Growth & Opportunities
Many job roles: QA Engineer, Automation Tester, Performance Tester, etc.
Opportunities in various industries like IT, healthcare, finance, and gaming.

3. No Strict Prerequisites
People from non-technical backgrounds can learn software testing with minimal coding knowledge.
Easier to transition into IT compared to software development.

4. Automation & AI Trends
Growing demand for automation testing using tools like Selenium, Cypress, and Playwright.
AI-driven testing is an emerging trend, making the field future-proof.

Features of Software Testing
Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and is free of defects. It involves executing the software with various inputs to identify errors, gaps, or missing functionalities compared to expected outcomes.

Features of Software Testing
Defect Identification – Helps detect and fix errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities in the software.

Verification & Validation – Ensures the software meets both technical specifications (verification) and user requirements (validation).

Quality Assurance – Enhances software reliability, security, and performance before deployment.

Automation & Manual Testing – Can be performed manually or using automation tools like Selenium, JUnit, or TestNG.

Different Testing Types – Includes functional, non-functional, unit, integration, system, regression, and acceptance testing.

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